Famed explorer Christopher Columbus was likely Spanish and Jewish, according to a new genetic study conducted by Spanish scientists aimed at shedding light on a centuries-old mystery.

Scientists believe the explorer, whose 1492 expedition across the Atlantic Ocean changed the course of world history, was likely born in Western Europe, possibly in the city of Valencia.

They believe he hid his Jewish identity or converted to Catholicism to escape religious persecution.

The study of DNA contradicts the traditional theory, questioned by many historians, that the explorer was an Italian from Genoa.

Columbus led an expedition, supported by the Spanish Catholic Monarchs, that wanted to chart a new route to Asia, but he reached the Caribbean instead.

His arrival there marked the beginning of a period of European contact with the Americas that would lead to conquest and settlement – ​​and the deaths of many millions of indigenous peoples from disease and war.

Countries have debated the explorer’s origins for years, with many claiming he is one of them.

There are an estimated 25 conflicting theories about his birthplace, including Poland, Britain, Greece, Portugal, Hungary and Scandinavia.

These new findings are based on more than twenty years of research.

The investigation began in 2003, when José Antonio Lorente, professor of forensic medicine at the University of Granada, and historian Marcial Castro, believed to have excavated Columbus’ remains from Seville Cathedral.

Columbus died in 1506 in the Spanish city of Valladolid, but wanted to be buried on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. His remains were taken there in 1542, but centuries later transferred to Cuba before finally being buried in Seville.

The researchers also took DNA samples from the grave and from the bones of Columbus’ son Hernando and brother Diego.

Scientists have since compared that genetic information with that of historical figures and the explorer’s relatives to try to solve the mystery.

The previously accepted theory was that Columbus was born in Genoa in 1451 to a family of wool weavers.

But they now believe he lived in Spain – probably Valencia – and was Jewish. They believe he hid his background to avoid prosecution.

About 300,000 practicing Jews lived in Spain before they, along with Muslims, were ordered to either convert to Catholicism or leave the country in 1492, the year Columbus landed in America.

Announcing the results of the research into the television documentary Columbus DNA: His True Origin, Professor Lorente said they were “almost absolutely reliable”.

The program – which was broadcast on Saturday evening on Spanish national broadcaster RTVE – coincided with the Spanish National Day.

This day celebrates the explorer’s arrival in America.